Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Causes, Symptoms and treatment.

 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one among the foremost common endocrinopathies in women of reproductive age. It is the foremost common hormonal reproductive problem in women of childbearing age. This can affect fertility and pregnancy. It can also cause male-type body changes. Irregular or heavy periods may signal the condition in adolescence, or polycystic ovary syndrome may become apparent later when a lady has difficulty becoming pregnant. Women with PCOS may produce an excessive amount of insulin, which signals their ovaries to release extra male hormones. It is the foremost common endocrinopathy among reproductive age women. As many as 30 percent of girls have some characteristics of the syndrome. Polycystic ovary disease is characterized by enlarged ovaries with multiple small cysts, an abnormally high number of follicles at various states of maturation, and a thick, scarred capsule surrounding each ovary. PCOS is additionally related to peripheral insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and obesity amplifies the degree of both abnormalities.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is now recognized as a heterogeneous syndrome. The syndrome was originally reported by Stein and Leventhal in 1935 once they described a gaggle of girls with amenorrhea, infertility, hirsutism (unwanted hair growth in women), and enlarged polycystic ovaries. Women with PCOS frequently have a mother or sister with PCOS. But there's not yet enough evidence to mention there's a genetic link to the present disorder. Many women with PCOS have a weight problem. If PCOS isn't treated properly, it can put a woman in danger for many problems, like infertility, excessive hair growth, acne, diabetes, heart condition , abnormal bleeding from the uterus, and cancer. Polycystic ovaries are enlarged bilaterally and have a smooth thickened capsule that's avascular. On cut sections, subcapsular follicles in various stages of atresia are seen within the peripheral a part of the ovary.

Causes of Polycystic ovary syndrome

The common causes and risk factor's of Polycystic ovary syndrome include the following:

No one knows the precise explanation for this syndrom.

An imbalance within the hormones (chemical messengers) in your brain and your ovaries.

Excess fat.

Family history of Polycystic ovary syndrome.

Genetics may be a factor.

Symptoms of Polycystic ovary syndrome

Some sign and symptoms associated with Polycystic ovary syndrome are as follows:

Pelvic pain,

Irregular periods.

Male-pattern baldness or thinning hair.

Weight gain, even obesity.

Insulin resistance and diabetes.

Patches of dark skin on the rear of your neck and other areas, called “acanthosis nigricans”.

Decreased breast size.

High blood sugar (hyperglycemia).

Treatment of Polycystic ovary syndrome

Here is list of the methods for treating Polycystic ovary syndrome:

Weight reduction is related to normalization of hormonal disturbances and therefore the resumption of normal ovulation. It also features a beneficial impact on the results of PCOS (eg, cardiovascular diseases, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, dyslipidemia).

For women who don't need to become pregnant, contraception pills can regulate menstrual cycles, reduce male hormone levels, and help to clear acne.

Cosmetic treatment of facial hirsutism with electroepilation and laser hair removal has also been studied and located to be beneficial.

Reproductive Medicine.

Hormone treatment to suppress ovarian activity may be a reasonable choice if the patient doesn't want to conceive now, and has problems with excessive hair growth.

Metformin are often crazy fertility medications and helps to form PCOS women ovulate on lower doses of medication.

If medications don't assist you become pregnant, your doctor may recommend an outpatient surgery called laparoscopic ovarian drilling.